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(No Model.)

J. Hf. ILAGLBR. Y MKNUPACTU'RB OFSHAPTS AND ORDNANGB. H No. 364,019 8. Patented May 31, 1887.

UN ITED 1 STATES PATENT" Ormea.

'j JOHN n. FLAGLER', for. Nnwyyonx, N.. Y.

MANUFAQTURE or s HAF'Ts 'A.ND\ojRoNANoE..

j nannten@ meannwplml 1. ises. jserini No. arnese. No man) To a'ZZ'g'ur/Qm it may concern: for 4jg,n1 1,- or'V gunshellfforrned f one or "incre .Y Be'. itknpwnthat I, LIOHN H.' FLAGLER, of Y' layers of wrought-'ron or softs Jel tubing, and;l

Nevlr 'York' city,"in thecou'uty of New Yorlf. one or 4more"layers of st'e'el Ieast withinfor l. and State ofiNew1York have 'iiivcntedjanew'j within and v:iron-'nd the sanie,the'shaft,gun, or 'g5 5- and useful Iniproveun'ent'in,the Manufacturcof -gnnshell thus formed havfing one or-r'norc'tuliu- Shafts andQrdnaricmlaud I dolle reby'deelarc llar.v layers of wrought metal thereinto support' Q the following"to be a full, clear, and exactile-- the eaststcel and strengthen the-same toen'- scription thereof. 1' "ble it to withstandthey torsional, bursting,.or My invention relates to thc manufacture-of other strain'to whichitisj .suhjected. ltalsoo" xo heavyl shafts for'vessels, mills, &c.,.and heavy eonsistsinthe mcthodlemployed in'fox-niingl ordnance-such ascannons' and nrortars-its the same; "1 object being" lto increase the strength of the y llo enable others-skilled in. the-arttoinakc f1' shafts to enable themto sustain' great torsional and use ny inyentioind will describe thcsa'me.

'ng ,to the' accompanying 65 str in and overcome the breaking of the'maf more fnlly, referri x5 rineengine shafts, and t'o increase the-resist-- drawings, in whicli- .i 1

ance to bursting strainof the ordnance,'a',swill 1figi'xre-i .is :it-*longitudinal section .of thet behereinaftcr niorepartieularly described'. A mold prepared for,castiug the gun or a heavy. The-heavy niarine'andinillshafts heretofore 'shaftin accordance with my invention, "Fig employedrhafebeen either forged o r c ast -to 2'isaview',par llyin seetioinoftheshaft formed 70 2o shape; being orined 'f wrought. metal 0r cast and interior .shell thereof. Fig. 3 is a. like steel`,or iron; alndexperiencc has proven vsuch view of theipished gun', the gun vshown havshafts extremely liable tojfracture, especially ing a hand or slec'v'e shrunken around the in case of slight Haw inthe' forging o'f casting, 4shell formed 'in' accorda ce with my invention.

's1-ich imperfeetions'being in many eases impor# Like letters of referc ice indicate like parisl '75 2 5 ceptible and unavoidable; and, as th' shaft is in cach.

i formed ofamass of metal ofthe saine-or 'eu-blIn practicing my invention I for-1n one or stantally the same quality, the flafwis liable more wroughtmetal shells, these shells being to gradually increase until itpanses the rupformed of wrought-iron'oi-'soft steelhy bend!` turc'of-the shaft. Y 'y r .ing to shape the plate from which the shell is 80 '3o 'In the manufacture of ordnance, aai-hereto-v formed, thus forming atuhular sknlp and.v fore practiccd,thennost approved'nianufctnre welding together the edges of the same to form has been .to cast an i'nner shell of enst-steel and a perfect wrought-metal tube of 'the desired` toi drive' over or shrink. upon this interior diameter. and thielmcss,thistuhc beinr formed 'shellring's or sleeves of. wrought iron or steel,z 'in the ordinary ina-nner practiced inthe nmnn- 85 35 the 4number of these ringsor sleeves shrunken facture of wrought-metal tubing, or the tube' or driven arou-n'd theinner shell depending being drawn by" suitable' machinery freni u'pjon-the required strength Aof thegun.. 'The solid ingot, .and :n such caser a we ldless tube strength of the interiorshjell so formed is de being formed. There two' orTnxore'lo-f these -pendentfupo'n the strength ofthc' casting wronglit-inetalshells 'are employedin the'shaft 90 40 fbi-med; `and 1t 1s evident that where'this castor ordnance to be formed, the diameter of the w ing was not perfect the strength of the 'gun wasouter tube or tubes will of course he increasedl materially lcssened-,the, gun insucliicase de. overthat-of theinnert'nbc, thcsparchctween-w .pending almostentircly upon the strength of the'tubcs varying according to. the size, 0 1` the sleeves or bands surrounding the shel Kshading or ordnance to be formed and the *95 45 My invention has for `its object theform'a- 'layer or body of cast-steel to be interposed be tion of heavy shafting or ordnance, in which tweenihe roughtfmetal tubes on thciinislied i the body of the shaft-Grof the gnn, or interior article'. y Y shell thereof in'large'ord'nance,shallh ve'onc In the drawings, lreprescnls the inner or moretubular layers formed of w ought wrought-metal tube, and 23 the'tube orlnbes roo 5o meta1tubing,"by which the caststeel is supemployedaround thcsaine. '-Ini'cgrxningheavy ported; and it consists, esscntal-ly,in a shaft, shaitmg according tomyinrentienl generally 2' :st-Lowa4 .support these'tubes within the mold /ljuponv .the metal bed-plate 5, any suitable pins or skeleton supports, as at 6, being employed to `support the tubes and hold them in proper 55".,relative position to each other and the core 7 and the mold 4. I n casting ordnance and ordnanceshells the tubes and core can be supported in like manner by any suitable skeleton frames or like devices.` One or more pourgates, `9, may communicate -with the spaces 8 between the tubes and the tubes and' core or mold; and in case itis found desirable, in order to increase the strength of the vfinished article, steel of .different carbons can be cast between r 5 the sever-al tubular layers, separate pouringgates communicating with each layer.' Thev molten metal thus flows within and around the layers of wrought metal as desired, and as it is raised to a high heat fusesl the exterior surface of the tubing and unites therewith', forming a solid union of the several tubularlayers of wrought and cast metal composing the shaft or gun,

of wrought metal and like number of layers,

5 10 11 12, of cast-steel, the outer layer 'being formed of wrought vmetal and the annularv vshoulders or enlargements 13 necessary on these shaftsfbeingformed on the tube 3 before it is pliaced'within the mold. The layers of cast-steel are supported bythe tubular layers of wrought metal, and in case of any aw or therimperfection in the bodies of cast-steel the il'ws are prevented from increasing or "ye s, Awhile the cast-steel layers pre-- ke imperfection in` vthe tubular etal layers from injuringthe shaft,l

'.theshaft'b'eing for these reasons much stronger 4o and capable 4of sustaining greater torsional strain than the ordinary solid wrought or cast' tal shaft, and the shaft being made hollow, desired, sddecreasing its weight.

' 'gun or gun-shellshown in the drawings, has the interior lining, l0, of cast-steel he"wroughtmetal tube 1, and another er,"11', of castlsteel, between the wrought' inet-'al tube 1 and the wroughtmetal tube 2, ythis-'layer 11 extending between the wroughtmetaltubes 1 and 2 to the-muzzle of the gun, aswell as the exterior 1ayer,v12, of caststeel around the wrought-metal tube 2, the exterior `layer attending from the breech part way toward the muzzle to support the gun or gun- -shell at'the oint of greatest strain; and itis evident th the gun or gun-shell so formed possesses `minsh'greater strength than the o rdinary cast-'steel gun or gun-shell heretofore constructed, as the layers of wrought metal within' the same greatly increase its power to resist bursting strain, since there 1s added to the strength of the cast-steel the strength of n4v ,through the shaft by the wroughtthe' wrought metal,whi ch has beeug'reatly iucreased by theworking of the same in the formation of the,wroughtmetal tubes before .the steel is castwithin `or within and around the same. t the. 'same time the strength of the gun or gun-shell'jis greatly increased by the'shrinkingofv the cast metal around the Wrought-metal shells during the cooling of the gun after casting. In the gun 'shown the breech portion is furtherstrengthened by the wrought- `ol' the 'gun or fo'rmedon the outer -shell when made' of The shaft shown has the three layers, 1 23,

strength of the cast-metal gun obtained by lthe.

layers of eastlsteel ,and even though there may be flaws in the cast-steel the advantages of the wrought; metal tubing therein arebiained, the y gun or gun-shell formed possessing great ad- 'vanta-ges in this particular over the ordinary cast-'steel shell heretofore employed. Vhat I' claim as my invention', and desire to secure by Letters'- Patent, is-` l. The herein-described method of forming heavy shafting or ordnance,consisting ineastingsteel around or within one or more wroughtmetal tubes, Substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. Shafting 'onordnance formed of one or more .layers of. 'wrought-metal tubing and one or more layers of Steel cast around or within the same, substantiallyasA and for thepurposes set forth.v v

3. A gun or gun-shell formed of wroughtwithin the sanie, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

lmetal tubing and aninner lining of steel cast 4. A gun or gun-shell having encor more layers of wrought-metal tubing the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I, the, said JOHN H. FLAGLER, have hereunto s et my hand, JOHN H. FLAGLER. Witnesses: 'AUGUSTUS A. DAME, R.V K. HALDANIL and layers of steel cast within and aroundfthe same," the outerstee-l layer extending only over the breech portion of the gun, substantially als and for4v 

